Submissions

Author Guidelines

The Finnish Yearbook of Ethnomusicology publishes original research articles. Length of published articles is 40 000–60 000 characters (about 20–30 standard A4 paper pages). The manuscript should follow general standards for academic research articles. The manuscript should not have been published before or be submitted for review to another journal (In ambiguous cases the author should leave a comment in the box “Comments for the Editor” when submitting the manuscript).

In order for the process to run as smoothly as possible, it is important that authors follow the guidelines as carefully as possible. A submitted manuscript can be returned to the author for revision if the guidelines are not adhered to. The Finnish Yearbook of Ethnomusicology has been granted the use of the label for peer-reviewed scholarly publications issued by the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies and is committed to complying with the terms set for the label. 

The publication process

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is in January-February. The exact date is announced in the call for articles sent out in November. Manuscripts are uploaded as Word files (.doc or .docx) to the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform. Upon receiving the manuscript, editors will decide if the text is sent for peer review, returned to the author for revision, or rejected. When the manuscript is ready for review, the text is sent to two anonymous peer reviewers, who independently write a statement about the article. The reviewers will – among other things – comment on the relevance of the study, its placement in the field of music research in Finland, the motivation and suitability of the approach, the level of argumentation, consistency as well as clarity of the language. Reviewers may suggest the article to be published as such, to be published with minor or major revision or to be rejected.

The review statements along with editors comments are sent to the authors after which they can revise the text accordingly. If the author chooses not to carry out the suggested revisions, he or she should motivate this decision to the editors. Content wise revised and finalised articles are again sent to the editors via the OJS platform. Images, tables and other audiovisual material are included as separate attachments.

The Yearbook layout is compiled during the autumn. During the proofreading process no changes to the content of the text are to be made. Aspects of the layout, the placement of images and tables, sheet music, spelling etc. are the only matters to be considered in this phase.

The Yearbook is published on the open access OJS platform in December.

Text formatting

Recommended length of published articles is 40000–60000 characters (about 20–30 standard A4 paper pages). Following settings are to be used; font Times New Roman, size 12 points, margins 3 cm in each direction, line spacing 1,5. The entire text should use the same point size and font type. The manuscript is submitted through the OJS system as a doc or docx file. In the submission form, an abstract (max 300 words) and keywords for indexing purposes are also to be included.

Title should be on the first row of the manuscript, possible subtitle on the second row. (Author’s name will be first on the lay out compiled version, but for anonymity in the peer reviewing process, the name is left out when submitting). Subheadings like “Introduction” or “Background” are not used after the main titles – an article always begins with an introduction. The Finnish Yearbook of Ethnomusicology only uses one heading level in the text. The headings should not be numbered, nor should a period be used after them. Headings are separate from the body text with one blank line. All headings, including title of the article is written in same point size as rest of the text. During the lay out process, the lay out editor will shape the heading fonts. (Do not use CAPITALS either, despite their use in the final publication).

Paragraphs are separated from each other with a blank line. No indent should be used at the beginning of paragraphs. The text should not be hyphenated. Use a blank line with the enter key only between paragraphs and after headings. All spaces, commas, periods, question marks and exclamation marks should be followed by only one empty space.

In the body text, abbreviations are not to be used. Do not write e.g. or i.e. but “for example” or “in other words”. Abbreviations may be used in references, footnotes or short clarifications placed in brackets. The text should not be formatted with the exception of cursive, which is used with consideration. Cursive is used for the titles of magazines and works (Helsingin Sanomat, Tuntematon Sotilas), and it may be used when a crucial term is mentioned for the first time in the text. Peoples’ names should not be highlighted with cursive.

Authors should inform the editors if the manuscript includes any special characters (i.e. characters not included in the English or Finnish alphabet). Please note that lay out and proofreading may in this case require more time and precision.

Footnotes should be avoided. Endnotes are not used. Authors should aspire to write without too many explanatory comments. A general guideline is that important matters are dealt with in the text and unimportant things are left out completely from the article. In some cases footnotes can be used to explain practical details, such as acknowledging people or organizations in the creation of the manuscript or statement about a research project that the article is a part of.

Authors should discern between the use of hyphen (-) and dash (–). A dash (–) can be used to separate clauses within a sentence and to signify parameters between numbers (pages 178–180, years 1963–1970). A dash is typed in the Word program by pressing the ctrl-key and minus-key (alt-key and minus on Mac).

We recommend providing fields of profession or occupation (but not academic titles) for people referred to in the text when they are mentioned for the first time. Musicologists, sociologists, neurologist and pedagogues have been referred to in the Finnish Yearbook of Ethnomusicology, and the reader cannot be expected to be familiar with researchers from all these different fields.

Citing sources in text

Within the text, sources should be cited in round brackets (Peltonen 1996: 31–36). Sources must include the author’s last name, the publication year and the page numbers being cited (separated with a colon). If the source has two authors, the following format should be used: (McCulloch & Richardson 2000: 120–129). If there are more than two authors, the citation format is: (Syrjäläinen et al. 2006: 13–15). When citing numerous works, use reverse chronological order and separate them using a semicolon (McCulloch & Richardson 2000: 120–129; Peltonen 1996: 31–36). If citing a text that was originally published in a significantly earlier edition, it is recommended to include the original publication year in square brackets following the publication year of the edition being used (Adorno & Horkheimer 1979 [1944]).

If the author of a source text, such as a newspaper article, is not known, the source can be cited using the name and date of the publication (Ilmajoki Lehti 18 March 1982). If a source refers to an entire paragraph, the citation should be placed after the period that concludes the paragraph. In this case the period is placed within the round brackets of the citation. (Aropaltio 2000: 116–118.) The period can also be placed within the brackets if a source refers to more than one sentence. Most important is that it becomes clear what part of the text is from a source reference. Abbreviations, such as “Ibid.” should not be used. When citing archival material use archive identification number. For example for photographs (Kper Teuva/0299) and recordings (Kper A-K 1123).

Interviews are similarly to literature references cited with brackets, but with the letter “i” placed before the year of the interview (Virtanen i2010). If interviewees should be remained anonymous, running numbers can be used after the letter i (I1 2010).

Citations

All citations over three rows in length should be separate from the body text with a blank line and indented as a paragraph of its own without quotation marks. For short citations within a paragraph quotation marks are used. Citations in other languages than that of the article are translated accordingly to English, Finnish or Swedish. The original language citation should not be included in the article, with the exception of song lyrics, which if necessary can be included in the text both in translation and in their original language. The translator of the citation should be mentioned, unless he or she is in charge of a larger publication, in which case the name  is mentioned in the sources.

Quotation marks and apostrophes should follow Finnish language preferences. Apostrophes are used to a rare degree, usually only if a citation includes a quotation: “They sang ‘it’s been a hard day’s night’ and that was that.” . Omissions in the citation are marked with ellipses, three periods in square brackets (i.e. “this part is [...] omitted”).  Omissions are also marked before a period within the quotation, but not in the beginning of a sentence. If the typeface or grammar is altered should alterations be placed within square brackets (for example “[i]f the citation is not [complete]”).

Images, tables and sheet music

Materials are uploaded to the OJS platform as separate attachments. Images, sheet music examples, song lyrics, etc. included in the articles must be analysed in the text, and may not be used as mere illustrations to make the article seem more interesting. Finnish copyright act allows that "a work made public may be quoted, in accordance with proper usage to the extent necessary for the purpose" (22 § quotation) and that "works of art made public may be reproduced in pictorial form in material connection with the text in a critical or scientific presentation" (26 §). We encourage authors to exploit these rights. If pictures, notations, recordings and other works of art have not been made public before, the author must take care of the relevant publishing rights as well as potential copyright fees and royalties. Images must fulfill printing resolution requirements and be in jpg, bmp, or tiff format, preferably 300 dpi. In the final publication, the maximum size for images is 13 cm x 19 cm.

Graphics are numbered so that every different type of graphic (images, tables, sheet music etc.) has its own running number. References to graphics are written in round brackets using a lower case letter (image 1) (table 3) (sheet music 4). In the layout, images, tables and sheet music are placed in between paragraphs and, if possible, in close proximity to the analysis of  the visual materiali.

In the manuscript, captions are written after the paragraph where the material in question is being analysed. These explanation texts are written in same typeface (12 point size Times New Roman) as the body text and they should be placed within angle brackets. <Image 1: Cheek number one on the official top 20 chart>.

Tables are created with a designated editor in the word processing program or as separate excel files. Under no circumstances should tables be created using the space key.

Sources

All source material used in the article should be listed. Do not list any sources that are not referred to in the text. If it is reasonable with regards to the sources and to topic of research, sources are categorised according to research material (archival material, interviews, recordings) and research literature. Texts whose author is unknown can be listed according to name and date of publication.

Research material
Research material is labelled primarily according to material type (place archival material, newspapers, recordings, interviews etc.) under their respective heading. The author can classify the material according to their own consideration. Archival material is categorised according to archive. Abbreviations can be used in body text but full archive names should be clarified in sources. Storage location of non commercial publications should be announced in source list.

Archival material
Folklife Archives, School of Social Sciences, University of Tampere

Photographs
Kper Teuva/0299. Old buck horn from Perttula house. Teuva 15.5.1953. Photograph: Erkki Ala-Könni.

Recordings
Kper A-K 1123. Pelagea Kuljukka. Kiuruvesi 15.5.1966. Recorded by: Erkki Ala-Könni.

Newspapers
Donovan, Patrick (2007) “The day the music in nightclubs got dearer”. The Age, 11 July 2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/entertainment/latest-dance-hit-doofdoofdoof-kerching/2007/07/10/1183833519305.html (Visited 15 January 2015).

Helsingin Sanomat 13 Feburary 1975. “Matti Meikäläinen” (obituary)
Hufvudstadsbladet 3 May 1975. “Grammofonskivor”.

Discography
Arkistojen aarteita (1970) Various Artists. Scandia SLP 541.
Koivuniemi, Paula (1982) Aikuinen nainen. Polydor 2055102.
Mårtenson, Lasse (2002 [1982]) ”Morgondimma” (Lasse Mårtenson & Lars Huldén). Lasse Mårtenson på svenska. Mårtensong MSCD 2.[KR3]. 
Rihanna (2016) ANTI. Westbury Road Entertainment. https://open.spotify.com/album/2hNdpum500dG6mDXs87nbc?si=yrKUe_1iSimBVDKCeHpvTg (Visited 5 June 2017).

Youtube videos
Alfred Backa (2011) Sannfinländarnas nya ordlista.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEfrpQhT9jA (visited 22 April 2020).

Playlists
Playlists are to be listed using the following formulation: Title of streaming service. Title of list. Updated dd.mm.yyyy [when available]. URL (accessed dd.mm.yyyy). There is variation in how information is recorded between services, so consider the internal consistency of listing as the determining factor.

Spotify. Music for Plants. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/37i9dQZF1DXclWedfNUp3z?si=22096b8ffe1b4d91 (visited 4 November 2021).
Spotify a. Music for Plants. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/37i9dQZF1DXclWedfNUp3z?si=22096b8ffe1b4d91 (visited 4 November 2021).
Spotify b. Music for Reading. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1ByzdKSKWgv9M18IEUScfQ?si=3f6b11c088544365 (visited 4 November 2021).

Sheet music
Kari, Virpi (Ed.) (2007) Lasse Mårtenson: Lauluja, pianokappaleita, jazzmessusävelmiä, iskelmiä. Helsinki: F-Kustannus.

Melartin, Erkki (2003) Aino. Oopperan pianopartituuri. Helsinki: Fennica Gehrman Oy.

Interviews
Rankaviita, Erkki (i2001) Karijoki 29 April 2001. Interviewer Tuuli Talvitie. Recording in possession of researcher. A copy of the recording available at the Folklife Archives, University of Tampere, under identification code Y/11160.

Talvitie-Kella, Tuuli (i2002) E-mail interview. Interviewer Maija Lahti. Question list sent 18 December 2002, response received 22 December 2002. Interview in possession of researcher.
I1 (2008) Lohja 30 April 2008. Interviewer Antti-Ville Kärjä. Minidisc recording in possession of researcher.

Literature
Literature is sorted in alphabetical order according to the writer’s surname. When listing books, the publisher’s domicile is listed (note: not location of press) followed by the name of the publisher. If several locations are mentioned, only list the first one. The publisher’s domicile is written using the same language as the manuscript, when the locality has an official name in the language in question (i.e. Copenhagen, Kööpenhamina). The same praxis is applied for the name of the publisher (i.e. Finnish Literature Society, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura). The abbreviation for information about editors is written in the language of the manuscript no matter the language of the source the author refers to (for English manuscripts: Ed., Eds.)

If citing a text that was originally published in a significantly earlier edition, it is recommended to include the original publication year in square brackets following the publication year of the edition being used. Translator is named between title and publisher of volume. NOTE: DOI number of electronic publications should also be listed in sources.

Monographs
Lilliestam, Lars (1998) Svensk Rock. Musik, lyrik, historik. Gothenburg: Bo Ejeby Publishing.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1998 [1994]) Järjen käytännöllisyys. Finnish transl. Mika Siimes. Tampere: Vastapaino.
Adorno, Theodor & Horkheimer, Max (1979 [1944]) Dialectic of Enlightenment. English transl. John Cumming. London: Verso.

Edited volumes
Lundberg, Dan & Ternhag, Gunnar (Ed.) (2000) The Musician in Focus: Individual Perspectives in Nordic Ethnomusicology. Stockholm: Kungliga Musikaliska Akademin.
Eerola, Tuomas & Louhivuori, Jukka & Moisala, Pirkko (toim.) (2003) Johdatus musiikintutkimukseen. Jyväskylä: Suomen musiikkitieteellinen seura.

Articles in volumes
Sarjala, Jukka (2003) ”Musiikinhistoria”. Johdatus musiikintutkimukseen. Ed. Tuomas Eerola, Jukka Louhivuori & Pirkko Moisala. Acta Musicologica Fennica 24. Helsinki: The Finnish Musicological Society, 13–30.
Khordoc, Catherine (2001) ”The Comic Book’s Soundtrack. Visual Sound Effects in Asterix”. The Language of Comics. Word and Image. Ed. Robin Varnum & Christina T. Gibbons. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 156–173.
Bengtsson, Ingmar (1978) ”Musiikki”. Otavan iso musiikkitietosanakirja 4, laulu–Rantasalo. Ed. Erkki Ala-Könni, Tuula Kaurinkoski & Heidi Granholm. Helsinki: Otava, 348–349.

Articles in journals
Heinonen, Yrjö (2016) “Globalisation, hybridisation and the Finnishness of the Finnish tango”. Etnomusikologian vuosikirja Vol. 28, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.23985/evk.60230
Moisala, Pirkko (2001) ”Musiikki, kuva ja sukupuoli”. Musiikki 2/2001, 87–108.
Simonett, Helena (2001) ”Narcocorridos: An Emerging Micromusic of Nuevo L.A.” Ethnomusicology 45:2, 315–337.

Publications by same author from same year are placed in alphabetical order:

Hall, Stuart (1992a) ”The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power”. Formations of Modernity. Ed. Stuart Hall & Bram Gieben. Cambridge: Polity Press & Open University, 275–320.
Hall, Stuart (1992b) ”The Question of Cultural Identity”. Modernity and its Futures. Ed. Stuart Hall, David Held & Tony McGrew. Cambridge: Polity Press & Open University, 273–316.

Internet sources
Internet sources are in principal listed similarly to volumes and articles. URL address should be listed after name of publication. The URL can be formatted as a hyperlink (According to Word program automation underlined blue font). Make sure that the URL is not personified or require logging in.

Date of visit to website is placed in brackets after source (visited dd Month yyyy). Internet citations in the text should not include URL addresses in their entirety. Rather, use name of the author and year or name of the page and title (i.e. Haapoja 2017 or Cheek 2015). 

Haapoja Heidi (2017) ”Omimista, lainaamista, hyväksikäyttöä, ylikulttuurista tulkintaa? Kulttuurisen appropriaation käsite, suomalainen kansanmusiikki ja kalevalamittainen runolaulu” Musiikin suunta Vol. 39:1 http://musiikinsuunta.fi/2017/01/omimista-lainaamista-hyvaksikayttoa/ (visited 22 October 2019).
Ramstedt, Kim & Rantakallio, Inka (2020) "Finnish Rap, the Far-Right and Racism". Toiminta soi. https://www.suoni.fi/etusivu/2020/10/16/finnish-rap-far-right-and-racism (visited 5 November 2021).
Cheek (2015) ”Alpha Omega Tour 2016” http://www.liigamusic.com/#tour (visited 10 October 2015).

Note! Internet sources shall not be categorised by themselves. Each source should be placed under relevant category according to material or literature. (I.e. Scott under research literature, Cheek under appropriate material type).

Author Guidelines updated November 2021.